Vocal Cord Surgery (Nodules, Polyps)

Introduction

The technical aspect of the removal (and removal of all other pathology) and therapeutical aspect of the vegetation of the vocal cord(s) and pathology and disease characterize the treatment. Nodules, polyps and cysts localisations in the vocal cords produce laryngitis (voice hoarseness), strain and aphonia. By the way, the process is not only able to simulate the function of the vocal apparatus in normal conditions, but also to improve the quality of life of the songless speaker, the speech trainer, the speech presenter, and so on.

What is Vocal Cord Surgery?

External vocal cord surgery to remove nodules, polyps, and cysts of the laryngeal is a modality. It is widely carried out with advanced instruments, lasers or microinstruments, according to their precision, under the supervision of a microscope, and especially with a careful approach to avoid damaging the vocal cords.

In this technique, a remarkable utility is accrued not only on voice preservation or restoration but also as a postoperative adjuvant and on postoperative morbidity (persistent hoarseness or respiratory trapping), respectively.

Why is Vocal Cord Operation Needed?

Vocal cord surgery is recommended for: 

1. Vocal Cord Nodules: Benign growths caused by vocal overuse or misuse.
2. Vocal Cord Polyps: Soft, swollen growths often caused by irritation or injury.
3. Cysts or Granulomas: Fluid-filled sacs or inflammatory growths on the vocal cords.
4. Chronic Hoarseness: Age-dependent worsening of laryngeal accommodation refractory to non-operative maneuvers.
5. Breathing Difficulty: Severe cases where growths obstruct the airway.

Types of Vocal Cord Surgery

1. Microlaryngoscopy:

• Removal of nodules or polyps using microinstruments.
• Performed under general anesthesia.

2. Laser Surgery:

• Laser beam oriented for low trauma removal of growths.
• Suitable for small, precise removal.

3. Phonomicrosurgery:

• Specialized to preserve delicate laryngeal surgery tissues.
• Ideal for professional voice users.

4. Injection Laryngoplasty:

• Injection of materials to improve vocal cord function.
• Used for vocal cord paralysis or thinning.

Procedure Steps

1. Preoperative Assessment:

• Voice analysis and laryngoscopy to evaluate the condition.
• Discussion of goals and expected outcomes.

2. Anesthesia:

• General anesthesia ensures patient comfort.

3. Surgical Procedure:

• The surgeon places a laryngoscope into the mouth for entry.
• The surgeon carefully excises lesions using a laser or microinstrument.
• The surgeon checks the vocal cords for any remaining abnormalities.

4. Postoperative Care:

• Voice rest is mandatory for healing.
• Regular follow-up appointments are scheduled.

Benefits of Vocal Cord Surgery

1. Restores Voice Quality: Eliminates hoarseness and strain.
2. Improves Breathing: Addresses airway obstructions.
3. Enhances Quality of Life: Especially for voice-dependent professions.
4. Minimally Invasive: Quick recovery with minimal scarring.

Cost Comparison in Different Countries

Best Hospitals in India Vocal Cord Surgery

1. AIIMS, Delhi: Expertise in advanced ENT surgeries.
2. Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi—Modern equipment for vocal cord surgeries.
3. Fortis Hospital, Delhi  Specializing in ENT and laryngeal medicine.
4. BLK-Max Super Specialty Hospital (New Delhi): focused high specialized field of minimally invasive surgery.

Risks and Complications for Vocal Cord Surgery

1. Temporary hoarseness or voice changes.
2. Risk of infection or bleeding.
3. Rare chance of scarring on vocal cords.
4. The potential need for follow-up surgery in complex cases.

Recovery from Vocal Cord Surgery

1. Voice Rest: Essential for 1–2 weeks post-surgery.
2. Dietary Adjustments: Soft foods to avoid throat irritation.
3. Speech Therapy: The doctor may recommend it to restore voice function.
4. Complete Healing: Typically achieved in 3–6 weeks.